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Cell balance refers to a condition where all individual cells have uniform capacity and voltage. When lithium-ion cells are connected in series and parallel, the manufacturer ensures that they share the same voltage and chemistry.
Balancing is necessary for packs that contain more than one cell in series. Parallel cells will naturally balance since they are directly connected to each other, but groups of parallel wired cells, wired in series (parallel-series wiring) must be balanced between cell groups.
A Battery Management System (BMS) and a battery balancer serve distinct functions in managing battery packs.
A BMS is responsible for monitoring and managing the overall health of the battery pack. It oversees factors such as individual cell voltage, temperature, and current, and ensures the battery operates within safe limits. Additionally, a BMS often includes features such as overcharge protection, over-discharge protection, and cell balancing.
On the other hand, a battery balancer is specifically focused on equalizing the charge among the individual cells within a battery pack. It works to ensure that each cell maintains a similar state of charge, which is crucial for the overall performance and longevity of the battery pack. While a BMS may include balancing functionality, a dedicated battery balancer is designed solely for this purpose.